Normal interhemispheric inhibition in persistent developmental stuttering

Imaging studies suggest a right hemispheric (pre)motor overactivity in patients with persistent developmental stuttering (PDS). The interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) studied with transcranial magnetic stimulation is an established measure of the interplay between right and left motor areas. We assessed IHI in 15 young male adults with PDS and 15 age‐matched fluent‐speaking subjects. We additionally studied the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) duration. We found no significant between‐group difference for IHI or for iSP duration. We conclude that the interplay between the primary motor cortices is normal in patients with PDS. The abnormal right motor and premotor activity observed in functional imaging studies on PDS are not likely to reflect altered primary motor cortex excitability, but are likely to have a different origin. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society     

Generational risks for cancers not related to tobacco,screening, or treatment in the United States

BACKGROUND:

To assess trends in cancer, the authors evaluated the risk of 1 generation compared with that 25 years earlier (generational risk) for 3 groupings of cancers: those related to tobacco; those that reflect advances in screening or treatment; and a residual category of all other cancers.

METHODS:

In individuals ages 20 years to 84 years, age‐period‐cohort models were used to summarize time trends in terms of generational risk and average annual percentage change for US cancer incidence (1975‐2004) and mortality (1970‐2004) rates associated with these 3 cancer groupings.

RESULTS:

Adult white men today developed 16% fewer tobacco‐related cancers and had 21% fewer deaths because of those cancers than their fathers' generation, whereas adult white women experienced increases of 28% and 19%, respectively, relative to their mothers. The incidence of commonly screened cancers rose 74% in men and 10% in women, whereas mortality fell 25% in men and 31% in women. For cancers that have not been linked chiefly to tobacco or screening, the incidence was 34% and 23% higher in white men and white women, respectively, than in their parents' generation 25 years earlier. Mortality in this residual category decreased 14% in men and 18% in women. Results among blacks were qualitatively similar to those among whites.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite declining overall cancer death rates, adults are experiencing increased incidence of cancers that are not associated with tobacco or screening relative to their parents. Future research should examine whether similar patterns are exhibited in other modern nations and should identify population‐wide avoidable risks that could account for unexplained increases in these residual cancers. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

采收期和加工方法对杭白芍中芍药苷含量的影响

目的:通过比较不同采收期和不同加工方法对杭白芍中芍药苷含量的影响,确定合理的采收期和加工方法。方法:以芍药苷含量为指标,采用HPLC法,测定不同采收期和不同加工方法杭白芍药材中芍药苷的含量。结果:以8月10日采收的杭白芍中芍药苷含量为最高,达到3.43%;加工方法以先去皮后水煮(5min)含量为最高,达到3.43%。结论:以芍药苷含量为主要评价指标,杭白芍在8月10日左右采收比较合理,加工方法采用去皮水煮(5min)后生晒比较合理。     

山茱萸果实的形成及其温度效应研究

目的:观察山茱萸果实的形成,研究温度对山茱萸开花结实习性的影响,为指导山茱萸的GAP基地建设提供参考。方法:对山茱萸的物候期进行定株观察,确定山茱萸的不同生长时期。结果:首次划分了山茱萸7个生长时期:蕾期、小花开放期、座果保果期、果实迅速生长期、果实缓慢生长期、果实内部充实期和果实成熟期。结论:山茱萸的开花和结实习性与温度相关性强,生产中应根据温度的变化,采取调控措施,确保山茱萸优质、丰产。     

Transmural Mapping of Myocardial Refractoriness and Endocardial Dispersion of Repolarization in an Ovine Model of Chronic Myocardial Infarction

Background: Myocardial refractoriness and repolarization is an important electrophysiological property that, when altered, increases the risk of arrhythmogenesis. These electrophysiological changes associated with chronic myocardial infarction (MI) have not been studied in detail. We assessed the influence of left ventricular (LV) scarring on local refractoriness, repolarization, and electrogram characteristics. Methods: MI was induced in five sheep by percutaneous left anterior descending artery occlusion for 3 hours. Mapping was performed at 19 ± 6 weeks post‐MI. A total of 20 quadripolar transmural needles were deployed at thoracotomy in the LV within and surrounding scar. Bipolar pacing was performed from each needle to assess the effective refractory period (ERP) of the subendocardium and subepicardium. The activation (AT) and repolarization (RT) times, and modified activation recovery interval (ARI_m) were determined from endocardial unipolar electrograms recorded in sinus rhythm simultaneously from all needles. Scarring was quantified histologically and compared with electrophysiological characteristics. Results: Increased scarring corresponded with increased ERP (P < 0.01), decreased subendocardial electrogram amplitude (P < 0.001), and slope (P < 0.001). ERP did not differ between endocardium and epicardium (P > 0.05). The ARI_m and RT were prolonged during early myocardial activation (P < 0.001). After adjusting for AT, the RT and ARI_m were prolonged in areas of scarring (P < 0.001). After adjusting for electrogram amplitude, the ARI_m was prolonged in dense scar (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We confirmed histologically that scarring contributes to prolongation of repolarization, increased refractoriness, and reductions in conduction and voltage post‐MI. Prolongation of repolarization may be further augmented when local activation is earliest or electrogram voltage is decreased within scar.     

截肢病人围手术期进行心理干预的作用

目的：探讨在围手术期对截肢手术病人进行全程心理干预的作用。方法：对20例截肢手术病人运用术前针对性的访视、术中心理支持、术后随访方式进行心理干预。结果：20例患者无因心理问题而影响手术进程,均康复出院。结论：提高了截肢病人的认知能力,缓解病人的焦虑情绪,保证手术的顺利进行。     

新生儿心动周期信号（HPS）的混沌特征,功率谱分析

研究正常新生儿（０～３天）心动周期信号的混沌特征和谱特征，探讨分娩方式对其混沌特征检测值的影响，分析出生体重与各参数的相互关系，新生儿自主神经系统功能发育尚不如儿童期成熟，其交感成分居优势，内外因素对其协调平衡性的影响较小，其原因是否与新生儿对外界刺激反应迟钝有关还值得进一步研究。     

进展期胰头癌扩大根治术的临床研究疗效现状和前景

进展期胰头癌扩大根治术后加综合治疗使5年生存率明显提高,并发症明显减少.进展期胰头癌扩大根治术中加改良Whipple术式及TACE临床研究在近远期生活质量上有明显改善,但这毕竟是有益的探索,是向外科手术治疗胰头癌顽症迈进一步,具有临床应用价值.综述国内外近年来进展期胰头癌外科治疗的方法及疗效现状.探讨进展期胰头癌扩大根治术的临床研究疗效前景.     

补饲不同蛋白质水平精料对放牧绒山羊生产性能的影响

本文旨在研究补饲不同蛋白质水平精料对放牧绒山羊生产性能的影响情况。选用平均体重、上一年平均产绒量相近,2周岁左右的内蒙古绒山羊羯羊40只,随机分为4组,每组10只,其中1组为对照组,另外3组为试验组(简称Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组),试验组分别补饲3种不同蛋白水平(12%、24%和36%)的混合精料200g/d,对照组不补饲。结果表明,产绒量试验组与对照组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但是,试验组内Ⅰ组(817.38±36.36g)显著高于Ⅲ组(760.25±40.34g)(P<0.05)。绒长度在绒生长旺盛期各月份均以试验Ⅰ组显著高于对照组和其它试验组(P<0.05)。绒生长旺盛期的各月份的绒细度和净绒率,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但是,从数据上可以看出各月份绒细度随着蛋白质水平的增加而增加。绒毛与粗毛重量百分比,绒生长旺盛期的各月份试验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。粗毛的长度以试验Ⅱ组最长,试验Ⅰ组最短,但是各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。含绒率9月份以试验Ⅰ组显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.05),10月份和11月份各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验各组绒山羊各月月末体重变化差异不显著(P>0.05)。总增重试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组最高,对照组最低。(结论)由此,建议绒山羊绒生长旺盛期补饲200g含粗蛋白质12%混合精料。     

浅谈医疗设备计量管理的重要性

随着我国医疗事业的不断发展和壮大，大量先进的医疗诊断仪器的应用，医疗仪器设备是否可靠，数据是否准确直接关系到诊断、治疗效果，更影响到人民群众的生命健康，而准确的计量器具要依靠科学的计量管理来保证。因此，医院的计量管理已经成为医院医疗设备管理不可忽视的重要环节。